The columns consume a percentage width of the parent container. To enable or “set” a column width in your layout, simply use the appropriate col-*-* class in your HTML markup. So for example, col-md-3 would be a column that takes up 3 of the 12 units (or 25%) across in a row. Bootstrap’s grid columns are identified by different col-(breakpoint)-(units) CSS classes. This makes adapting to a variety of layouts much easier. The reason Bootstrap has a 12-unit grid (instead of 10, 16, etc.) is that 12 evenly divides into 6 (halves), 4 (quarters) and 3 (thirds). The Magic of Bootstrap’s Grid - Container > Row > Columns Horizontal layout across the page is relevant because screen width is an important consideration for responsive design. Only columns should be the immediate children of rows. Each row is divided horizontally using Bootstrap’s column classes col-*. row is made complete with columns (col-*). There are other reasons Bootstrap uses the negative margins including simpler CSS, nesting and column wrapping which is discussed later in this article.
But, as you can see here this doesn’t work well since the first & last columns rendered visually, can be different than the actual first & last columns in the HTML markup of any given row. Some grid systems instead adjust the padding (or margin) on the first/last columns using CSS child selector logic. The “negative margin” approach isn’t just a gimmick. This evens up the gutters of the leftmost & rightmost columns with the outer edge of the container. Instead of using a specific class like `.first` or `.last` on those outer grid columns, Bootstrap uses negative margins. The outer columns (leftmost & rightmost) need to have 1/2 of the gutter (15px) on the outside to keep spacing consistent. The effective gutter displayed between neighboring columns in 30px. In the case of Bootstrap, the gutter is created using padding of 15px around each column. There are several reasons why the “negative margin” approach is used in Bootstrap.Īll grid systems have spacing or “gutters” around columns. The end result is no visual spacing (margin or padding) on the sides of the row within the container. row uses negative margins (-15px) to counteract the padding (15px) of the container. g-0 is used to remove gutters gx-* are used to change horizontal gutters.The Bootstrap. Gutters are also responsive and customizable. Ĭontainers can be centered horizontally to pad our content.Ĭontainer is used for responsive pixel width.Ĭontainer-fluid is width: 100% across all viewports and devices.Ĭolumns are spanned across 12 columns. They include sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl. The grid supports 6 responsive breakpoints. It’s based on flexbox and it’s fully responsive.įor example, we can write: One of three columns One of three columns One of three columns Ĭol-sm indicates that there will be 3 equal-width columns across all devices until it’s below the sm breakpoint. The grid system lets us make things responsive by specifying how many columns of the grid it takes up. To add fluid containers that span the entire width of the viewport, we can use the container-fluid class. They’ll be 100% until they hit the breakpoints indicated by the infix in the class. We can use the other classes with our containers to add responsive containers.įor example, we can write: small medium large extra large extra extra large The container class is a responsive fixed-width container. There are the container, container-sm, container-md, container-lg, container-xl, container-xxl, and container-fluid classes to size containers. It lets us pad and aligns content in a given device or viewport. They include: media-breakpoint-up(md) ContainersĬontainers let us display things inside it. Min-Widthīootstrap has mixins for using media queries with the min-width. Large, which has the lg class infix is 992px or larger.Įxtra-large, which is infixed by xl, is 1200px or larger.Įxtra extra large, which is infixed by xxl, is 1400px or larger. Medium, which has the md class infix is 768px or larger. Small, which has the sm class infix is 576px or larger. They include x-small which is between 0 and 576px. The design is mobile-first and it’s responsive by default. Bootstrap breakpoints are built with CSS media queries. We can use it to control the layout of our pages when it’s adapted at a particular viewport or device size.
Breakpointsīreakpoints are the most basic parts of responsive design.
#Bootstrap responsive resize of items in a div how to#
In this article, we’ll look at how to create layouts with Bootstrap 5. Bootstrap 5 is in alpha when this is written and it’s subject to change.īootstrap is a popular UI library for any JavaScript apps.
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